course 4 teamteaching

INTRODUCTION 

            The fundamental order in learning a language is listening, speaking, reading and writing. Experience tells that words and sentence patterns are fixed in the mind of the child through the process of listening and speaking. But reading is only a means of fixing more firmly what has already been fixed by listening or speaking while teaching children to read, we have three main objects in view. First we have to give them full control over the words and patterns. Secondly we have to put them in possession of the power of gaining pleasure and joy from the printed page. Thirdly we aim at giving our pupils a technique, accurate enough to turn the cold print into correct sound. Only by reading we can improve our listening, speaking as well as writing skills. A medium of instruction is a language used  in teaching. It may or may not be the official language of the country or territory .It is the first language of student and is different from the official language. It may be used as the medium of instruction part of all schooling.

MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION IN THE CLASSROOM.

 The Question of which medium of instruction to use and the impart on learners and learning, is a complex one. It is useful to consider how the language used supports the aim of the Class. For example.

It may fit the aim to give all classroom instruction in English in a low lovely class, because this is use full exposure to new language and will be learnt, but explaining the methodology behind an activity to the same group might be done in L1. the primary functions of school education is to help each and every students pursues all-round development so as to enhance his /her personal qualities and Nurture multifarious talents for the community. Hence, school should provide a favorable learning environment to cater for the different abilities and aptitudes of students so that they can develop to their fullest potentials and attain all round development.

 THE MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION

            MOI is a highly significant tool for learning.

            Based on evidence from research on language and learning .It is advisable to use the first language or close language as medium of instruction in first three classes.

MOTHER TONGUE AS THE MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION

·       Mother  -tongue teaching has positive effects on students, learning.

·       Most Student prefer learning in the mother tongue.

·       Students learning in the mother tongue generally perform better than their counterparts using English as medium of instruction (Mol)

ENGLISH LANGUAGE AS THE MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION

          Colleges hawing English language as medium instruction are found throughout the country .As even after independence It was view by leaders and educationists that knowing and using English language will be an additional advantages for Indians in modern but globalised world.

            The following reasons are given by Mowlana Abdul kalam Azad (1974) that English language is an international language , like language ,important ,for social mobility essential for personal growth and development .essential for personality development ,essential for higher studies, library language has wide and rich literature ,essential for getting better jobs colleges having  English as the medium of instruction.

SIGNIFICANCE OF MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION

·       In Multilingual country like India problem of medium of instruction is major problem because every state wants to have its regional language as the medium of instruction.

·       Whereas Some nationalist argues Hindi, being the national language should be the medium of instruction

·       Educationist having faith in globalization and technical development advocate that education received through English medium can lead to faster and more rapid growth.

READING COMPREHENSION

                  Reading comprehension refers to the ability to understand information presented in written form. While this process usually entails understanding textbook assignments, reading comprehension skills also may affect one’s interpretation of directions on exams, labs and homework assignments and completion of job applications or questionnaires.

                                         Comprehension is acquiring meaning from the text. Comprehension is a complex higher level skill. Obviously, comprehension is critically important to the development of a student’ s reading. Comprehension is an active process that requires an intentional and thoughtful interaction between the reader and the text. Vocabulary development  critical to comprehension.

COMPONENTS OF READING COMPREHENSION

v Decoding

v Vocabulary knowledge

v Grammatical awareness

v Listening comprehension

v Programmatic skills, which help to make inferences about intended by the writer meaning and thus interpret the text appropriately.

v General knowledge

v Comprehension of  monitoring

v Working memory

FACTORS RELATED TO POOR READING COMPREHENSION                                 Disinterest, struggling with decoding individual words ,  visual  processing disorder and  limited vocabulary can cause poor reading comprehension. When kids don’t understand what they read, it affects their ability to succeed in school.                                         

 CAUSES FOR POOR READING COMPREHENSION                                                 

v DISINTEREST AND BOREDOM                                                                                                               Disinterest and boredom causes children not to pay attention to what they’re reading. Other’s are disinterested in what they’re reading because it doesn’t relate to anything they care or know about.

v DECODING INDIVIDUAL  WORDS              

                                  Decoding individual words slows down or prevents reading comprehension. If the assigned material includes too many words a child doesn’t know, they will focus on decoding rather than understanding. Many will simply give up trying to read what’s assigned.

v ORAL LANGUAGE DEFICIT

                                   Oral language deficit is often associated with poor reading comprehension. Children with limited vocabulary and oral reading fluency will have difficulties understanding written text. Recent research has shown that ‘’spoken language training seems to have resulted in a generalized improvement in the kid’s ability to understand language’’

v WORKING MEMORY DEFICIT                                                                                                                Working memory deficit occurs with kids who can’t remember what they have read long enough to talk about it or explain the story immediately after reading. It’s common with kids ADHD [Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder].

v VISUAL PROCESSING DISORDER

                                    Visual processing disorder affects students reading comprehension, they skip words or lines. They may also be unable to judge depth, distance, reverse letters and numbers. Children with visual perception problems usually have poor eye hand coordination. Visual processing disorder can affect not only reading but also motor skills.

v POOR MEMORY SKILLS

                  Poor memory skills affect learning including reading comprehension. Researchers  at  Vanderbilt university have  recently  been  investigating  specific reading  comprehension deficits .They’ve discovered  from brain scans that kids with dyslexia  abnormalities in a different part of the brain than kids who have poor reading comprehension.                                                                                                                                 

v APHASIA AND DYPHASIA

    Aphasia and dysphasia, which are caused by brain injury, tumor, or a virus, can cause difficulties in reading comprehension. These children will also have speech problems.

v POOR VISUALIZATION

                    Visualization is the unlimited key for the reading comprehension. It all of the above is fine, and in many cases it is, then what can go wrong is that the person does not have good visualization skills.

v POOR VOCABULARY

                        It person has a poor vocabulary, it can greatly affect the reading comprehension. This is also called as prior knowledge deficit. 

WAYS TO DEVELOP READING COMPREHENSION SKILL

1.     OVERVIEW MATERIAL BEFORE STARTING TO READ

                   Use various techniques to focus on the material before begin reading. Basically we think about the material before reading. Before the student begins reading, providing statements to direct the student toward what they will be reading.

2.     HELP THE STUDENTS UNDERSTAND THE STRUCTURE AND ORGANIZATION OF WRITING

                               By recognizing important fundamentals about the structure and organization of writing, the student is better able to extract  the important material and achieve better comprehension.

3.     HELP THE  STUDENT  LEARN TO IDENTIFY AND EXTRACT THE MAIN IDEAS

                             The ability to find, identify, extract and understand main ideas is critical to no just reading comprehension but to educational objectives. Outlining can be highly effective tool for helping students identify main points.

4.     STOP OR PAUSE THE STUDENT DURING THE READING TO THINK ABOUT AND PROCESS THE MATERIAL

                              Stop at appropriate paragraphs and ask specific questions that makes the student think about what they are reading. Once again design questions to help the student think about specific aspects of the text. Ask both direct informational as well as more advanced interpretative questions.

5.     SELF MONITORING

Self monitoring is where the reader checks themselves and recognizes if they understand the material. The goal is for the student to develop self awareness of his or her comprehension. The students need to ask themselves at the end of each paragraph ‘Do I understand this material’ .

6.     Read a variety of materials. Do not limit yourself to text books.

7.     Read a fairly long portion of the material.

8.     Circle unknown or unfamiliar words as you read.

9.     After reading, recall as much of the information as possible. Then check the accuracy and completeness of your recollections.

10.  Considering how interesting the subject matter is and how much you already known about the subject.

11.  Underlining key words

12.  Kinesthetic reading

13.  Stopping at predetermined reflection points

14.  Visualizing yourself as a reader

15.  Reading inductively

16.  The special reading place

17.  Reading aloud to someone or someone reading aloud to you

18.  Marginal notes; Talking with the text

19.  Play word games

20.  Read aloud everyday

CONCLUSION

            In each and every class, we need a particular medium of instruction for studying appropriate lessons. Sometimes it is different from our mother tongue such as learning in English medium. Like this, reading comprehension is also an essential part in the teaching and learning process. There are so many reasons for poor reading comprehension. In order to overcome the obstacles in reading comprehension, we must follow certain steps. The above mentioned are some of the ways which is helpful for developing our reading comprehension.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Balakrishnan, V.(2016). Course material for B.Ed. Chennai: TNTEU.

Bindhu, K. (2017). Language across the curriculum. Chennai: Samritha Publications.

Khatri, P.P. (2005). Teaching of English. Ludhiana: Tandon Publications.

Kleiser, G. (2010). Improve your English. New Delhi: A.P.H. Publishing Corporation.